A robust object-based shadow detection method for cloud-free high resolution satellite images over urban areas and water bodies

Unwanted contrast in high resolution satellite images such as shadow areas directly affects the result of further processing in urban remote sensing images. Detecting and finding the precise position of shadows is critical in different remote sensing processing chains such as change detection, image classification and digital elevation model generation from stereo images. The spectral similarity between shadow areas, water bodies, and some dark asphalt roads makes the development of robust shadow detection algorithms challenging. In addition, most of the existing methods work on pixel-level and neglect the contextual information contained in neighboring pixels. In this paper, a new object-based shadow detection framework is introduced. In the proposed method a pixel-level shadow mask is built by extending established thresholding methods with a new C₄ index which enables to solve the ambiguity of shadow and water bodies. Then the pixel-based results are further processed in an object-based majority analysis to detect the final shadow objects. Four different high resolution satellite images are used to validate this new approach. The result shows the superiority of the proposed method over some state-of-the-art shadow detection method with an average of 96% in F-measure.     

提高图像轮廓清晰度的快速插值放大方法

分析了当前主要的高清晰度图像插值放大方法,为实现快速放大而选择了基于图像轮廓插值改善清晰度的技术路线,并在已有算法的基础上开展了进一步的研究.提出了新的图像轮廓线光顺数值算法,对轮廓线划分的两类子区域提出了精度更高的插值算法.最后,以典型平面图形的图像和由3DMax生成的三维渲染图像为例对本文方法进行检验,与双线性插值结果的对比说明,该方法可以明显改善插值放大效果.     

金属薄板超声无损检测

介绍了金属薄板的缺陷类型，建立了超声喷水穿透C扫描系统和检测方法。检测试验结果表明：采用建立的系统和方法能够检测出厚度≤6mm金属薄板中的分层性缺陷。     

基于Depth from Focus的图像三维重建

应用改进Laplacian聚焦算子实现序列图像的融合显示,用高斯插值算法得到图像三维重建中的高度图,并设计一种轮廓线算法对高度索引图进行了三维重建;成功地应用于摄像机拍摄序列图像的三维重建,弥补了摄像机物镜焦深范围有限不能采样清晰大幅图像的不足.理论和实验结果证明,用该方法生成的二维融合图像和三维显示图像,恢复出比较精确的物体表面深度信息,提高了图像的清晰度.     

钛合金胶接点焊接头的性能检测

研究了不同焊接电流下钛合金板胶接点焊接头的A扫描信号和C扫描图像特征,并进行了拉伸-剪切试验。结果表明:通过观察C扫描图像的特征与A扫描信号的变化,能够划分胶接点焊接头的胶层区、热影响区、熔合区、熔核区以及焊接缺陷;随着电流(7~10 k A)的逐渐增大,接头熔核直径呈递增趋势,相应的失效载荷从7 231.5增加到10 939.0 N;当电流为7 k A时,在C扫描图像上反映出飞溅缺陷,此时接头失效载荷远小于没有出现飞溅的接头,可见飞溅降低了胶接点焊接头的拉剪载荷。     

基于深度图像的人体关节点定位方法

提出了一个基于深度图像的人体关节点定位的方法:首先将图像中的人体区域分割出来,然后利用随机森林分类器对逐个像素点进行分类,得到身体的各个部件并寻找关节点的位置。通过实验发现,本方法准确性较高并具有一定实时性。分类的准确率为 68%,相较 Kinect技术(40%)达到了较高的分类水平。预测人体关节点位置的平均时间为每帧 150ms,符合实用性要求。     

基于区域的卷积神经网络在空对地车辆检测中的应用

针对传统空对地车辆检测算法在光照变换、场景变化时检测效果不佳的问题,提出了基于区域卷积神经网络Faster RCNN模型的空对地车辆检测方法,介绍了Faster RCNN模型以及模型训练过程.实验结果表明,基于Faster RCNN的空对地车辆检测方法是可行的,对不同光照和场景下的车辆检测可以取得较好的效果.     

碳纤维加筋板的超声相控阵C扫描检测可靠性研究

碳纤维加筋板结构在现代航空器中被大量应用,超声波相控阵C扫描技术是这类结构在役环境下的有效检测手段之一,被广泛应用。对于同一个损伤,在实际检测中会出现从不同的方向检测结果不一致的现象;这种现象在传统单点超声波C扫描检测中是不会发生的。本文从试验件表面曲率、缺陷特性等方面对这种不一致性进行了分析和探讨,并给出了避免这一类不确定性发生的建议。     

SAR图像匹配制导精度影响因素分析

合成孔径雷达（SAR）具有高分辨率、全天候等优点,是提高精确制导武器制导精度的有力工具。制导精度是精确制导武器的重要性能指标,影响SAR制导系统精度的主要因素有实时图的获取误差及预处理误差、图像匹配误差、惯导测量误差、SAR制导特殊弹道引起的导航制导的误差。概述了SAR图像匹配制导系统精度的相关研究,对比和分析了这些研究和结论,指出了该研究存在的问题和发展方向。     

Bayesian network-based extraction of lunar impact craters from optical images and DEM data

Impact craters are among the most noticeable geomorphological features on the planetary surface and yield significant information about terrain evolution and the history of the solar system. Thus, the recognition of impact craters is an important branch of modern planetary studies. Aiming at addressing problems associated with the insufficient and inaccurate detection of lunar impact craters, a decision fusion method within the Bayesian network (BN) framework is developed in this paper to handle multi-source information from both optical images and associated digital elevation model (DEM) data. First, we implement the edge-based method for efficiently searching crater candidates which are the image patches that can potentially contain impact craters. Secondly, the multi-source representations of an impact crater derived from both optical images and DEM data are proposed and constructed to quantitatively describe the two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) morphology, consisting of Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG), Histogram of Multi-scale Slope (HMS) and Histogram of Multi-scale Aspect (HMA). Finally, a BN-based framework integrates the multi-source representations of impact craters, which can provide reductant and complementary information, for distinguishing craters from non-craters. To evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, experiments were conducted on three lunar scenes using both orthoimages from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and DEM data acquired by the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA). Experimental results demonstrate that integrating optical images with DEM data significantly decreases the number of false positives compared with using optical images alone, with F₁-score of 84.8% on average. Moreover, compared with other existing fusion methods, our proposed method was quite advantageous especially for the detection of small-scale craters with diameters less than 1000 m.